How did the black death affect medieval europe ? a. it led to the crusades and the spread of the new ideas. b. it closed down all trade routes in asia. c. it led to social upheaval and the end the social order of the manor system. d. it caused the great schism in the roman catholic church.

It led to social upheaval and helped end the social order of the manor system .

- a.) african slaves and indentured servant’s

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- a government ruled by the people, or assembly. officials monarchy - a single ruler like a king. over time some city-states, like athens would change governments. what this means is that all the citizens voted on all the laws.