The wars of revolutionary france against austria, spain, prussia, england, and russia were interesting because
a. the hated royal practice of capital punishment was banned.
b. they created a new calendar with new months and 10 day weeks and declared that the year of the revolution would be numbered as the year 1.
c. they instituted a "cult of the supreme being" as a state religion instead of the catholic church.
d. priests were required to swear loyalty to the french state, not to the pope.

abraham lincoln was the president of usa and he had asked the audience to make a pledge on equality.

his pledge was:

“it is my earnest desire to know the will of the providence.”

lincoln also had hatred for people who condoned and practiced slavery and so he pledged:

""and if i can learnt what it is i can do it"" this is another pledge by abraham to reassure the congregation on how to deal with the providence will.

explanation:

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executive, (president and about 5,000,000 workers) legislative (senate and house of representatives) and judicial (supreme court and lower courts)

explanation: