Which statement best describes the effect islamic caliphates had on europe during the middle ages? select one: a. alliances with islamic empires led to border disputes in europe. b. increased islamic trade with europe led to a more complex economy. c. islam became the predominant religion in eastern europe. d. european colonial territories adopted the governmental structure of islam.

answer: d. joseph james clark​

explanation:

aug 15, 2012 - although van leeuwenhoek was not the inventor of the microscope, he advanced it more he loved to grind and focus a new lens in order to see the unseen world. most of leeuwenhoek's microscopes were silver. in a simple but significant experiment (1668), he demonstrated that worms found on

the triple alliance. germany and austria-hungary were already allies by 1879 when, worried about a threat from russia, they formed the dual alliance. italy joined the group in 1882. there was a concern about a possible attack from france and the alliance needed powerful friends to defend it.

answer:

it caused mass african migration, african populations to grow, african empires to topple, and racism against slaves to emerge.