What was the american national anthem before 1931?

What does the man of the left represent? what does the men on the right represent? why is there a hat on central and south america?

In which country did king john rule as an absolute ruler?

Match the following: 1. empirical the belief that an idea should be evaluated based on how it works 2. fundamentalism knowledge based on observation and experiment rather than theory 3. obtrusive to intentionally force ideas or intrude on others 4. pragmatism not religious or spiritual in nature 5. secular a religious doctrine that emphasizes a return to rigid principles