What strategies did slaves employ to resist, revolt, and sustain their own independent communities and cultures? how did slaves use white southerners’ own philosophies—paternalism and christianity, for example—to their advantage in these efforts?

The strategies which the slaves employed to resist, revolt, and sustain their own independent communities and cultures were:

The slaves used the white Southerners’ own philosophies—paternalism and christianity, for example—to their advantage in these efforts by:

According to the given question, we can see that the African slaves tried their best to preserve their culture and not let it get forgotten in the midst of another culture.

As a result of this, these African slaves were able to preserve their culture and traditions by establishing friendship and family ties and by mixing African songs to the Christian songs they were taught.

Read more here:

link

1. international: struggle for hegemony and empire outstrips the fiscal resources of the state

2. political conflict: conflict between the monarchy and the nobility over the “reform” of the tax system led to paralysis and bankruptcy.

3. the enlightenment: impulse for reform intensifies political conflicts; reinforces traditional aristocratic constitutionalism, one variant of which was laid out in montequieu’s spirit of the laws; introduces new notions of good government, the most radical being popular sovereignty, as in rousseau’s social contract [1762]; the attack on the regime and privileged class by the literary underground of “grub street; ” the broadening influence of public opinion.

4. social antagonisms between two rising groups: the aristocracy and the bourgeoisie

5. ineffective ruler: louis xvi

6. economic hardship, especially the agrarian crisis of 1788-89 generates popular discontent and disorders caused by food shortages.

explanation:

the president, prime minister, chief justice, speakers and ministers take their oath of office. the oath is taken in bengali