Congress shall have power . . [t]o make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers. which type of powers does this quote refer to, and why is this type often the source of debate?

The quote refers to implied powers, which are often difficult to interpret or understand.

Explanation:

The theory of implicit powers has its origin in the US Supreme Court, in the year 1819, in the preceding Mc CulloCh v. Maryland. According to theory, the Constitution, by granting a function to a particular body or institution, also implicitly confers the necessary means for the achievement of this activity.

This grant that the constitution provides through implicit powers has elicited different interpretations among legislators. this divergence of interpretations has been very controversial and has constantly become a source of debate.

to extend a country’s power and influence