Article iii of the constitution gives congress the power to create a system of federal courts, other than the supreme court, known as

Article III, Section 1 The courts were called inferior Courts.

It developed as a reaction to the impact of european colonialism in africa on peoples of african descent. in the  mid-20th century, activists in africa adopted pan-africanism as a rallying cry for independence from colonial rule. some african pan-africanists sought to unite the continent as one independenthope it was useful