The major Confederate armies surrendered to the United States in April of 1865 at Appomattox Court House and Bennett Place, ending a four-year battle. The war bankrupted much of the South, destroyed its highways, farms, and factories, and nearly wiped out an entire generation of blue and gray soldiers. The Civil War claimed the lives of more than 620,000 soldiers, more than any other war in American history. Over the course of twenty tough years known as the Reconstruction era, Union armies invaded the Southern states, rebuilt them, and gradually re-admitted them to the United States.

The American Civil War was fought between the United States of America and the Confederate States of America, a collection of eleven southern states that left the Union in 1860 and 1861. The conflict began primarily as a result of the long-standing disagreement over the institution of slavery. On February 9, 1861,  Jefferson Davis, a former U.S. Senator and Secretary of War, was elected President of the Confederate States of America by the members of the Confederate constitutional convention.  After four bloody years of conflict, the United States defeated the Confederate States. In the end, the states that were in rebellion were readmitted to the United States, and the institution of slavery was abolished nation-wide.

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