Why are composite volcanoes sometimes called layered volcanoes

Read article 231 of the treaty of versailles. the allied governments affirm, and germany accepts, the responsibility of germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the allied governments and their peoples have been subjected as a consequence of the war. what was the consequence of germany having to accept this article? a.) germany would have to pay war reparations. b.) germany would have to accept new colonies. c.) germany would have to give part of its territory to poland. d.) germany would have to join the league of nations.

European expansion into africa left native regimes intact but had a strong impact on local societies what does this mean

The source of wealth for the city-states of the east african coast was trade between the interior of africa and the far east. true false