How is central Europe different today from the way it was in the middle of the 17th century?

Europe engaged with the rest of the world through trade, exploration and colonialism, from the Ottoman Empire, to Spanish America, to the Dutch in south-east Asia. The intellectual sphere saw the scientific revolution and the early enlightenment, as witnessed for instance in the work of Gallileo, Spinoza and Descartes.

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts

- "bill clinton ( the 42nd u.s. president, served in office from by low unemployment, declining crime rates and a budget surplus. during clinton's second term, the u.s. economy was healthy, unemployment was low and the nation experienced a major technology boom and the rise of the internet."