How did the ruling of McCulloch v. Maryland affect the government?

The Supreme Court established that congressional power extends beyond the scope of the Constitution and that state governments cannot interfere with the federal government. McCulloch v. Maryland was a decision by the Supreme Court of the US in which the state of Maryland had attempted to form the second bank of the US by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland.  The court invoked the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution, which allowed Federal government to pass laws not expressly provided in the Constitution's list of express powers, provided those laws are in useful.

islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. however, in the modern contexts of muslims minorities in non-muslim countries as well as secularised muslim states like turkey, indonesia and bangladesh, religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal shapes.

compared to religious leaders/clerics of the other abrahamic faiths, islamic clergy are said to resemble rabbis and not priests. unlike catholic priests they do not "serve as intermediaries between mankind and god",[1] have "process of ordination",[2] or "sacramental functions",[1] but instead serve as "exemplars, teachers, judges, and community leaders," providing religious rules to the pious on "even the most minor and private" matters.[1]