1. How did Southern states limit the rights of African Americans after the end of Reconstruction? by redrawing state boundaries
by passing segregation laws
by educating illiterate white people
by denying access to fair wages

By passing segregation laws

This meant that African Americans were seperate from whites in bathrooms, transportation, schools, political movements, voting, and even some stores banned them from entering.

Most African American schools were in poor condition when it involved cleanliness and textbooks.

Over decades following these issues, the Civil Rights would arrive and eliminate lots of these issues.

you can't, but you can edit them

b) a state law could be declared illegal if it contradicted the constitution.

explanation:

the conflict of this case originated when james w. mcculloch, a cashier of the baltimore branch of the second bank of the united states that the congress had chartered in 1816, refused to pay a tax imposed by the maryland state.

in the case, the state of maryland appealed that the establishment of a second bank was unconstitutional since the constitution didn't say anything about granting that power to congress. however, the case determined that even if such right wasn't specifically stated in the constitution, it was part of the "implied powers" of the government enunciated in article i, section 8.

the case also eliminated maryland's legislation to impose taxes to a national bank, asserting that even though the states retained the power of taxation, the constitution's laws are supreme and can not be controlled by the states, therefore, if a state law contradicts the constitution, it should be declared illegal.

explanation: