1) How did the crowning of Charlemagne as the Holy Roman | Emperor create tension between the Pope and the
Emperor?

Leo placed a crown on his head

Explanation:

Suddenly, as Charlemagne rose from prayer, Leo placed a crown on his head and, while the assembled Romans acclaimed him as “Augustus and emperor,” the Pope abased himself before Charlemagne, “adoring” him “after the manner of the emperors of old.” Pope Leo III crowning Charlemagne emperor

yes.

explanation:

because it let the japanese know who had the upper hand in the war.

yes

explanation:

the fighting words doctrine, in united states constitutional law, is a limitation to freedom of speech as protected by the first amendment to the united states constitution. in 1942, the u.s. supreme court established the doctrine by a 9–0 decision in chaplinsky v. new hampshire.