One distinguishing feature of the new middle class that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s was.

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

a) the colonists began to see themselves as different from people in britain.

the western roman empire flourished, but the eastern portion of the empire struggled.