What Arab or Muslim Invention or technology was most helpful in improving the economy of the Arab Muslim caliphate? Why?

What was the nickname for the progressive party of 1912

When i lost my job, i didn't lose my health care the affordable care act. i just saw a democratic party to commercial, though, explaining that health care is going to be one of the main issues in the next election. i'm ashamed to say that i don't always vote, but i certainly will this time around. iwant to make sure everyone has health coverage when they need it. which role of political parties does the passage most clearly illustrate?

Idon't really understand the question. it counts for 20% of my lesson grade and i really need putting the answer into words. anything will . i need asap so im awarding 30 points.a disagreement between states of the united states concerning the rights of states vs. the authority of the national government led to the civil war. state governments were forced by war into a subservient position. what might happen if national governments ceded their authority to a world government by international treaty?