To where did the islamic expansion impact european nations such as france and spain?

They saw it as a threat and wanted to stop it.

1. They saw it as a threat and wanted to stop it.

2. Poitiers was fought ten years after the Battle of Crécy (the first major victory), and about half a century before the third, the Battle of Agincourt (1415). The effect of the defeat on France was catastrophic, leaving the country in the hands of the Dauphin Charles.

Explanation:

person above is right

b) the confederacy had to pay all union war expenses.

what was the significance of the plessy vs ferguson ruling and jim crow laws

answer the impact. plessy v. ferguson allowed 'separate but equal, also known as segregation, to become law in the united states