All of the following statements about dual federalism are true except:
a. the us government practiced dual federalism from 1789 – 1860.
b. the 13th amendment to the constitution established dual federalism.
c. under dual federalism, state governments dealt with issues directly affecting people.
d. under dual federalism, the federal government was concerned mostly with foreign relations.

Dual federalism, also known as layer-cake federalism, refers to the governmental system where the national federal government and the state government have divided their responsibilities evenly and they do not interfere with each other. The problem with this system consists in the hard task to draw the boundaries between State-responsibilities and National Government-responsibilities in the modern world, because plenty of activities require of multiple relations that cross state-borders.

The false statement is the option B, The 13th Amendment to the Constitution established dual federalism. Because the 13th Amendment states slavery is abolished, which is a different topic than dual federalism.

the answer is: must pay taxes on profits

since it is considered as a part of your income, profits from investments is eligible for tax payment.

the tax from your investment could be influenced by how long you decided to sell it. united states promotes keeping your investment for long term period. so, the tax rate for investments that you sell in less than one year is typically higher compared to investments that you sell in more than one year period.