how does this statement demonstrate the ad Fontes value of the reformation (and the renaissance too?) "I cannot submit my faith either to the pope or to the councils, because it is clear as day they have frequently erred and contradicted each other. Les therefore I am convinced by the testimony of scripture... I cannot and will not retract... here I stand I can do not other so help me God amen." (from martin Luthers reply when someone to appear before the emperor in the diet of worms to answer for writing his 95 thesis)

paul willis (born 1950) is a british social scientist known for his work in sociology and cultural studies. paul willis' work is widely read in the fields of sociology, anthropology, and education, his work emphasizing consumer culture, socialization, music, and popular culture. he was born in wolverhampton[1] and received his education at the university of cambridge and at the university of birmingham. he worked at centre for contemporary cultural studies and subsequently at the university of wolverhampton. he was a professor of social/cultural ethnography at keele university. in the autumn of 2010, he left keele university and is now a professor at princeton university.

paul willis’s work has focused mainly, but not exclusively, on the ethnographic study of lived cultural forms in a wide variety of contexts. from highly structured to weakly structured ones, willis examines how practices of `informal cultural production` to produce and construct cultural worlds `from below`.[2]

trained in literary criticism at cambridge,[2] paul willis received his phd in 1972 from the centre for contemporary cultural studies at birmingham university where he remained as senior research fellow until 1981. he gave a paper at the 9th symposium of the natiohnal deviancy conference in january 1972 entitled 'a motor-bike subculture

during the 1980`s willis served as youth policy adviser to wolverhampton borough council in the english midlands. there he produced the youth review (published by the council and ashgate) which formed the basis for youth policy and for the formation of the democratically elected youth council, both still functioning. during the 1990s he served first as head of the division of media, communications and cultural studies, and then as a member of the professoriate at the university of wolverhampton. in 2000 willis co-founded the sage journal, ethnography. in 2003 willis was hired as a head professor of social and cultural ethnography at keele university.

the correct answer is "pioneers carried all of their possessions on long and dangerous trails".

the first wave of pioneers travelled in 1842. they were merely 100 people. the next year that sum climbed to 1000 men, women, and children. these people travelled around 2,000 miles to oregon in the hopes of a better life. although the first part of the trip didn't present many obstacles, as time and miles went by they learnt that threat came from simple things, like becoming ill due to unclean water or bad food.

the weather didn't much, as wagons couldn't protect them from storms. as they travelled through the desert, the intense heat caused wood to shrink. their own lips abscessed and split because of the dry air. the only cure for this was to rub axle grease on their lips.

even crossing rivers was dangerous. sometimes wheels were damaged by unseen rocks on shallow water. mud didn't much either. pioneers were afraid of indian attacks, but there aren't many records of fights between pioneers and native americans. accidents happened because of negligence, exhaustion, guns, and bad weather.

history says that 1 of 10 pioneers who travelled to oregon didn't survive the journey. diseases spread fastly because they didn't have doctors and medical care was ofently improvised. one of the most deadly diseases they came upon was cholera, which became a worldwide pandemia.

(d) take jobs from american workers.

then your answer is a

hoped that