Describe the continuties in pastoral
societies after the rise of Islam

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c. it required that townships set aside land for public schools.

the awenser wuold be slaves

this means that germany had to pay the allied countries. reparations are/is essentially payment for something that they have done wrong, so after ww1, germany was forced to pay reparations so they could replenish the allied countries resources' that they had lost during the war.