In 1993, Congress passed the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, which required background checks for gun purchases from licensed gun dealers. The bill required local chief law enforcement officers to perform background checks on prospective handgun purchasers until the Attorney General created a federal system to do this task. Two county sheriff's sued the United States, arguing that the law was an unconstitutional use of federal power. The case, Printz v. United States, went to the Supreme Court, which ruled in favor of the county sheriffs. The Court ruled that the necessary and proper clause does not give the federal government the power to require local law enforcement to fulfill the federal task of performing background checks. This is an example of which of the following aspects of federalism in the United States? A: Constitutional amendments must originate in state legislatures in order to succeed

B: The system of checks and balances between the branches of the federal government constrains policy making

C: The necessary and proper clause gives the federal government power to pass laws that are outside of its expressed constitutional powers

D: Constitutional amendments have taken the place of lawmaking in influencing public policy