What type of power is given exclusively to the national government through the constitution

The power given to national government through constitution is called Delegated Power, or Enumerated Power. These are the powers granted to federal government in section 8, Article I of the constitution. According to these issuing currency, commerce regulations, war declaration, armed forces maintenance and some powers related to Post Office are the jurisdiction of national government. 

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts