2. Although not a formal statement in the US Constitution, why has the idea of
"separation of church and state" become a valued principle?

Explanation:

because if the state ran the church it would tell the church how to run their services and what they can say.  and like wise same with the church if the church ran the state it would hold all the power and would tell the state what can and cannot do, an example would be the middle ages when the church had all the power

workers of lowell mills were greatly benefited for the waltham type of work which was more a paternalist kind, trying to protect the integrity of this little girls coming from small farmers and providing an adequate place of work, this in an effort to avoid the issues of bad place conditions and immorality that the people in bigger industrialized cities of great britain were experimenting.