How did the development of nation states further exploration

Which of the following inventions most directly allowed ancient farmers to produce a surplus ?

Text: dante's inferno canto iv analyze the setting that dante develops in canto iv. examine how 1) the choices he makes to describe the setting and 2) the characters he places in this setting affect the reader's understanding of the first circle of hell, limbo. be sure to use specific details from the text to support your ideas

Plz what action did president jefferson take to stop britain and france from seizing american merchant ships? a. he declared war on france. b. he called for increased tariffs on british and french goods. c. he called for an embargo on all foreign trade. d. he declared war on britain.