What type of source is this? A. a secondary source, because the audience did not hear it in person
B. a primary source, because it is in the first person and uses the word "I"
C. a secondary source, because it is an excerpt from a speech given by the president
D. a primary source, because it is an excerpt from a speech given by the president

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ghana achieved independence peacefully, while algeria gained independence through an armed struggle.

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.