What do historians call the region in which civilization first emerged

How might a utilitarian person respond to the magistrate and the mob?

President of the united states has scheduled a cabinet meeting today to discuss energy policy with specific focus on pollution and global warming. given what you know of the executive branch, which group of attendees would the president most likely expect to provide up-to-date information and expert insight during this meeting?

Began during presidency of john q. adams tariff of 1828 and 1832 states’ rights versus federal authority john c. calhoun’s ‘proclamation to the people of south carolina’ concluded during the presidency of andrew jackson is which event are these characteristics describing