In spite of the impact of Chinese influence, a. Korea never came under Chinese political control. b. Japan never adopted either Chinese characters for writing or any of its governmental system. c. Vietnam developed chu nom, which was a writing system for spoken Vietnamese. d. Korea never accepted tributary status under Chinese overlordship. e. Confucianism itself had little influence anywhere outside of China proper.

In spite of the impact of Chinese influence

c. Vietnam developed chu nom, which was a writing system for spoken Vietnamese

this means that germany had to pay the allied countries. reparations are/is essentially payment for something that they have done wrong, so after ww1, germany was forced to pay reparations so they could replenish the allied countries resources' that they had lost during the war.

the  seven  days  battles  were  a series of seven battles over seven  days from june 25 to july 1, 1862, near richmond, virginia,  during  the american civil war. the  seven  days ended with mcclellan's army in relative safety next to the james river, having suffered almost 16,000 casualtiesduring  the retreat.