Many African Americans became involved in politics during Reconstruction by participating in constitutional conventions.
registering to vote as Democrats.
moving to Northern cities to register voters.
starting their own political parties in the South

yes

explanation:

the fighting words doctrine, in united states constitutional law, is a limitation to freedom of speech as protected by the first amendment to the united states constitution. in 1942, the u.s. supreme court established the doctrine by a 9–0 decision in chaplinsky v. new hampshire.