Grandfather clauses were designed to

The intent and effect of such rules was to prevent African-American former slaves and their descendants from voting, but without denying poor and illiterate whites the right to vote.

Explanation:

basically to stop blacks from voting without having to hard themselves like the white people have not meet the age requirement, but their father was a civil war hero for south, they they were allowed to vote.

the results of roman expansion produced social conflict and civil war. julius caesar gained power and became a dictator but was then assassinated. the reign of augustus began a long period of imperial rule and peace in the roman empire. rome faced the problems of how to maintain peace, law, and order.

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