Although diseases were widespread in North America, colonists were less susceptible than in Europe because a. the American population was younger and more dispersed. b. the colonies had much better doctors than England. c. American cities were cleaner than their European counterparts. d. Americans had been exposed to most diseases in Europe and had built immunity. e. the diseases themselves were not as virulent as their European cousins.

d. Americans had been exposed to most diseases in Europe and had built immunity

Explanation:

The vast majoirty of colonists had come from nations in Europe, meaning that they were likely to have been exposed to these diseases that presided mainly in Europe, while the Native Americans had never stepped foot into Europe and spent most of the time in North America where those diseases never existed.

the answer is b.2008 and 2012 were presidential election years.

it was certainly a debatable decision, mainly because it was based primarily on political - and not on legal or social - views. since the congress at that time was led by members of the republican party, and the territory that the tribes wanted to turn into an exclusively indian state was predominantly democratic, the proposal (as expressed in the constitution) did not succeed, but the constitution itself proved to be of crucial importance in the creation of the state of oklahoma, and, most importantly, it guaranteed the involvement of representatives of the indian tribes in the government of the future joint state.  

as a member of congress, i would have voted to ratify the constitution, or at least to have it tabled. ignoring it was an interested and partial decision.