The early New Deal experiments borrowed rather freely and randomly from a U. S. wartime and pre-war agencies and European social reform models. b the principles of early twentieth-century laissez-faire economists such as Freidrich Hayek. c Marxism, Leninism, and European socialism. d the late nineteenth-century utopian literature of Henry George, Edward Bellamy, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman. e Mussolini's fascism and Hitler's Nazism.

a. U.S. wartime and pre-war agencies and European social reform models.

Explanation:

President Franklin D. Roosevelt took over at a time when the United States was facing it's worst economic crisis yet with the Great Depression. In order to get the U.S. back on its feet, he enacted a series of measures known as the New Deal.

The New Deal was based on spending to improve employment and to pump money into the economy to stimulate spending. Federal agencies were founded that hired temporary employees and gave states and cities money to embark on relief measures.

These measures were borrowed from European social reform models and the work of U.S. wartime agencies.