what created instability in both Europe and the US after the war and how did countries react to the instability ?​

they were all fought in the middle east during ww1

nothing did. japan is wierd and always was.

to replace ineffective because   andrew jackson's spoil system was a deliberate policy after he became president to remove federal employees he considered to be political opponents and replace them with his own supporters.

according to my calculation, the answer is d.