Which Jewish movement called for the return of Jews to their ancient homeland, starting in the 19th century?

I believe the answer is Zionism.

Simply put, Zionism is a movement to recreate a Jewish presence in Israel. The name comes from the word “Zion,” which is a Hebrew term that refers to Jerusalem.

according to the quotation from booker t. washington's 1895 atlanta compromise speech.

in the great leap from slavery to freedom . . the masses of us are to live by the production of our hands . . we shall prosper . . as we learn to dignify and glorify common labor.

washington believed that  hard work had its own kind of dignity.

explanation:

mark brainliest and have a great day!

i know number 8 is something about only using 3/5 of the slave votes.