ACROSS 4. trade that takes place within the borders of a state
6. a locally elected government official
8. a federal
system with considerable sharing of powers among national, state, and local governments; also known as "marble cake federalism
9. the transfer of power from a central government to a regional or local government
10. a fixed number of people, often a majority, who must be present for an organization to conduct business
12. funds given by the federal government to state and local governments for specific programs
13. a regulation or policy imposed by the national government on state and local governments without adequate federal funds to cany out the
policy
14. the town or city in which a county government is based
15. a form of city government led by a group of professional commissioners chosen for their skills and expertise; became popular in the early
1900s
16. funds given by the federal government to states without restrictions on how the money should be spent.
18. a federal system dominated by the national government; tightly controlled grants and unfunded mandates are key elements of regulated
federalism
19. the drawing the boundaries of a legislative district with the intent of giving one party or group a significant advantage
20. a federal system guided by a policy of returning power to the state and local governments; block grants are a key element of new federalism
DOWN
1. the distribution of seats in a legislature according to law
2. trade that takes place between two states or among several states
3. the process of redrawing the geographic boundaries of legislative districts after a census to reflect population changes
5. a local government district established for a specific purpose, such as providing school or fire services; these districts operate
independently of other local units of government
7. a system of city govemment in which an elected city council makes policy decisions but leaves the daily task of running the
11. a system of city government in which voters elect both city council members and a mayor, the mayor may have either weak
17. a federal system with a fairly strict division of powers between the national and state governments, also called "layer cake"
federalism
21. the powers given specifically to the national government by the U. S. Constitution; also known as enumerated or delegated
powers