In the gilded age, how did monopolies affect many small businesses?

Monopolies forced small businesses to shut down.

Explanation:

During the Gilded Age, monopolies were very common. Monopolies developed due to two factors. First, the Industrial Revolution gave rise to many new industries that represented wonderful financial opportunities. The second reason is the fact that monopolies were not regulated effectively. As a monopoly captures all of the market of a particular product, monopolies often forced small businesses to shut down.

the government closely monitored its finances to avoid another financial collapse.

incident infrared radiation is blocked. visible and ultraviolet radiation heat   earth.

earth radiates infrared radiation. infrared radiation is blocked and heats earth. visible and shortwave radiation heat earth.

earth radiates longwave radiation

longwave radiation is reflected downward longwave radiation heats earth