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every of the four river valley civilizations, religion played an enormous role in shaping and cultivating each civilization. this essay will briefly discuss how religion formed the river valley people’s government and view on geography. religion dictated how the peoples of the river valley civilizations managed government and geography.

            religious leaders played prominent roles in every river valley civilizations form of government. from ancient egypt and mesopotamia to china’s historic empire and the indus river valley, all the river valley civilizations had significant religious figures. in ancient egypt, the pharaoh was revered as a god and therefore was given his right as supreme governing authority in the eyes of the people. the elusive emperors of china gained there governing rights by a mandate of heaven creating long lines of dynasties until the common people of china felt the dynasty had lost the favor of the gods. chinese emperors were not only governing leaders but also the spiritual leaders of ancient china. mesopotamian and indus river valley priests were referred as has head officials who had vast amounts of authority in these two civilizations primitive forms of democracy. religion shaped the structure and social caste of the four river valley civilizations.

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1.which of the following was the significance of the emergence of a vernacular language in medieval europe?

answer: it suggested a new interest in ordinary people

2.which of the following was a central idea in thomas aquinas's suma theologica?

answer: faith and reason don't contradict each other

3.which of the following did gothic architecture reflect about the late middle ages?

answer: the church had great wealth and authority

4.what examples of gothic architecture survive today?

answer: abbeys, cathedrals, universities

5.how did the byzantines most directly impact later civilizations?

answer: by preserving ancienct sources of knowledge and information

6.which of the following was the impact on europe of the disease described?

answer : 1/3 of the population of europe died, production declined, and cost of labor soared

7.which pair of answers best completes the top and middle arrows in the chart?

answer: the bubonic plague severly reduced the population of europe; higher demand for labor increased wages and prices leading to a market economy

8.which order of contacts most likely traces the spread of the bubonic plague to medieval europe?

answer: conquering mongol armies in asia, rats in chinese cities, fleas with travelers to the middle east and europe

9.if you wrote an essay about medieval europe, in a paragraph about which topic would you most likely refer to avignon?

answer: papal rivalry

10.how did the second great schism lead to the end of medieval europe?

answer: it caused people to question the authority of the church

11.which pull factors attracted european jews to eastern europe during the late middle ages?

answer: jews were attracted to eastern europe because they could practice judaism there without persecution

12. why did the speaker call moscow the "third rome"?

answer: moscow was the center of expanding political power

13.which statement best summarizes the effect of geography on eastern europe?

answer: different parts of the region were most influenced by cultures that had easiest access to them

14.how did eastern europe become home to so many ethnic groups?

answer: its geography and location facilitated migration

15.what are two factors that probably isolate russia from western europe?

answer: the cyrillic alphabet and olga's selection of the byzantine church

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