How were christian and muslim states governed in the early middle ages?

During middle ages, religion was dominated by christianity. The church are the leader of the government, like pope and archbishop. During fifteen centuries of Muslim-Christian encounter, individual adherents of both traditions often have lived peaceably with each other. At the same time, Muslim expansion into Christian territories and Christian imperialism in Muslims lands has established.

Your answer is 2 because you do keep change flip when you divide fractions