What have the courts ruled about quotas as a part of affirmative action programs?

In past affirmative action programs, they rule out quotas in the court in means of having to provide of having benefits and prevent of having to gain failure such as having past failures. They have confirmed their usefulness in having to gain of correcting the past failures that they could achieve.

a)scientists

explanation:

the national defense education act had two main goals. the first one was to provide personal that was oriented to defense, including scholars, engineering students and so on. the other goal was to provide financial assistance for the students who would be enrolling at colleges and universities in the 1960s.