Which statement describes an important characteristic of monarchies in europe during the late middle ages? a. after the magna carta was signed, monarchs across europe needed their subjects' approval to wage war. b. nobles who gained control of large territories formed councils to share power with local lords. c. conquering rulers seized land from nobles and gave it to those who would swear allegiance to them as king. d. monarchs gradually lost power and wealth to local lords who had the support of the pope and the archbishops.

Some organisms have a large geographic range. for example, the norway rat lives on every continent except antarctica. a population of norway rats is the number of rats in one particular area. do you think it’s scientifically possible for a population of norway rats in north america to carry different genetic mutations than a population of norway rats in africa? do you think it’s possible that they carry some of the same mutations? what types of information can scientists learn by studying the genomes of these two populations of rats?