Which government entity is the part of our checks and balances system that decides whether a law is within the guidelines of the constitution?

The Supreme Court

Explanation:

The system of check and balances is the system whereby all three branches of the government (Legislative, Executive, Judicial) oversee, limit and check each other so no branch abuses from its powers. Under this system, Congress has the power to create legislation, the President has the power to either approve or veto the legislation created by Congress, and the Supreme Court has the power to evaluate and interpret the Constitution and all legislation created and enacted by Congress in order to determine whether it is within the guidelines of the Constitution.

they were the direct result of some cultural difussion.

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