What tool does the federal reserve use to influence the volume of money in the economy by buying and selling government securities?
a. personal income tax
b. reserve requirement
c. loose-money policy
d. open-market operations

The correct answer is D.

Open market operations are the main instrument used by the Federal Reserve to execute the monetary policy of the US. They consist on the sale or purchase of goverment securities to/from the banking system.

When he Fed sells securities from the federal goverment or its related agencies, it collects money from the banking system that is removed from circulation and the money supply is reduced. On the other hand, if the Fed buys the securities, the money that it pays for them is pumped into the economy, increasing the money supply or amount of money in circulation.

the correct answers are the following

a proxy war which functioned as a training field for wwii

republican democratic goverment

national side, leaded by the fascist general franco

the spanish civil war took place between 1936 and 1939 and was fought after a military coup undertaken on the 17th july 1936 by a group of generals that had seceeded from the spanish republican army, under the leadership of general franco, and who aimed to expel the democractically-elected republican goverment from power.

this war became a proxy war in which european powers tested their military equipment. on one side, urss and mexico supported the left-wing republican spanish goverment, while nazi germany and fascist italy supported the national fascist side.

franco managed to win the war in 1939, with the significant contribution of the foreign military support, and became the dictator of spain until his death in 1975.

explanation:

mark brainliest and have a great day!

jewish people, gypsies, and political opponents.