How did the spread of muslim rule most effect european leaders?

they tolerated it
they ignorned it
they were understanding of it
they were threatened by it

The spread of Muslim rule was threatening to the European leaders.

The Middle Ages or Medieval Period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century in the history of Europe and it began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The Islamic world was at its cultural climax and it provided information and ideas to Europe, thru Andalusia, Sicily and the Crusader kingdoms in the Levant during the high medieval period.

d is the best answer for this question.

north east because it has more forest