As a new faith, islam gained strength
(a) within portions of the former roman empire.
(b) when adherence to arabic ethnicity was emphasized over adherence to islam.
(c) first in mecca, then throughout the arabian peninsula.
(d) because of rules of succession established by the first caliphs.
(e) in east asia.

answer

explanation

the given equation is

we can rewrite this as:

let

then the equation becomes:

the factors of 8 that sum up to -9 are {-1,-8}

we split the middle term with these factors to obtain,

we factor by grouping to obtain:

apply the zero product property to get:

but

these civilizations were located around fertile rivers, where they could produce an abundance of crops