Acommon goal of the glorious, american, and french revolutions was

To establish a more democratic government.

In all three Glorious, American, and French revolutions, there were a gathering of people who believed like they had no opinion in a political manner. For instance, in America, the colonials assumed that they had no opinion in the political means, as the Parliament in Britain was placing burdens on the settlers without their approval. Colonist has no representation in the parliament which made them felt alienated, as they didn't have the opportunity to demonstrate their side of the narrative.

This is why organizations like the American colonials rebelled and necessitated a more representative government.

i belive the classic sword and a shield would do

the answer would be:

b. race