Why does the article refer to third parties as ''gadflies'', and why is this something positive?

One day as your professor is driving to work, another driver runs through a red light and hits his car. the professor is shaken up but survives the accident. however, the next time he starts to enter the intersection,he becomes nervous and fearful. soon,he starts going to work via another route to avoid the intersection even though this route adds twenty minutes to his commute in each direction. according to the principles of classical conditioning, why does the professor become scared of the previously harmless intersection? what can he do about this, as going via other route is very time consuming? be specific. break down the situation into its parts and show how the principles of learning apply.

Read the excerpt from sir gawain and the green knight. when they had washed well, they went to sit at the table, the most famous knights nearest the top, as was proper, and guenever, in high spirits, was seated in the middle of them, in the arrangement of the famous table, with them arrayed around her, fine silk, furthermore, in a canopy over her, of toulouse red, and many tharsian tapestries embroidered and set with the finest of jewels that would have cost a great deal if someone had tried to buy them. the most beautiful there was the queen, flashing her gray eye. no one had ever seen anyone lovelier in his day. based on the excerpt, what conclusion can readers draw about guenever? she treats people with compassion. she is admired for her intelligence. she feels uncomfortable in crowds. she is held in high esteem.

Why did european nations face financial challenges after world war 1?