Which of the following is not from the bill of rights?
"the powers not delegated to the united states by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people."

excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press.

"the people are entitled these rights to protect against government, and no just government should refuse, or rest on inference.

"The people are entitled these rights to protect against government, and no just government should refuse, or rest on inference."

Explanation:

Although this is an accurate definition of what the bill of rights is, such quote is not from the amendments but from Thomas Jefferson, one of the Founding Fathers, who uttered them in the Philadelphia Convention, on December 20, 1787.

On the other hand, the other options are all part of the bill of rights. Option 1 is from the Tenth Amendment, option 2 is from the Eighth Amendment and option 3 is from the First Amendment.

the confederates at fort sumter.

2018 means 2018 ce or common era

there have been other eras too including bce, which included way more years.