In its ruling in mcculloch v. maryland in 1819, the supreme court

a. ruled a second federal bank unconstitutional.
b. amended the constitution.
c. established that federal laws superceded state laws.
d. gave in to the will of congress.

The correct answer is C, as in its ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland in 1819, the Supreme Court established that federal laws superceded state laws.

The US Supreme Court ruling on the McCulloch case against Maryland (1819) is one of the most important decisions in the history of US jurisprudence. The president of the Supreme Court at the time was John Marshall.

The state of Maryland had tried to impede the functioning of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States. Maryland demanded its unconstitutionality, as an expression of a government act not provided for by the constitution. It had previously imposed a prohibitive tax for the time on all banknotes not issued within the confines of the state.

James McCulloch, who held the highest authority for the Baltimore branch of the US Second Bank, refused to pay the tax. A lawsuit was initiated between the state and McCulloch, who was first presented before John James, and then before the Maryland Court of Appeals and then went to the Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court, after showing off the theory of Alexander Hamilton on the implicit powers that the Constitution gave to the Congress, affirmed the legitimacy of the federal government, its complete independence and its prevalence over the individual states. Then it ruled unanimously that even if the constitution did not officially foresee it, it fell within the powers entrusted by the government and all states could not impede its function.

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