Which of these places became the center of african american communities after the civil war?

a: libraries

b: churches

c: marketplaces

d: town squares

might be agreeing to participate ethically with other european nations in the slave trade

or notifying other european nations when taking possession   of african territories

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts