In modern society what is meant by the division of labor

Division of labor, as it developed during early agricultural times, eventually led to the appearance of organized communities of specialists called guilds (including merchants, craftsmen, and soldiers). From feudal times and throughout the Renaissance, guilds regulated many crafts and trained people in specialized labor.

The Industrial Revolution represented another turning point in the evolution of the division of labor. Industrialized mass production techniques allowed tasks to get broken down to the point where many don't require any specialized knowledge from workers. Mass production further reduced the cost of labor and increased the efficiency of the production process.

by 1890, the united states had by far the world's most productive economy. american industry produced twice as much as its closest competitor--britain. but the united states was not a great military or diplomatic power. its army numbered less than 30,000 troops, and its navy had only about 10,000 seamen. britain's army was five times the size of its american counterpart, and its navy was ten times bigger. the united states' military was small because the country was situated between two large oceans and was surrounded by weak or friendly nations. it faced no serious military threats and had little interest in asserting military power overseas.

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