What made slums so difficult to live in? a) they were dangerous, odor-filled, and cramped. b) they were hard to get to from city centers. c) they consisted of large parks and few homes. d) they were owned by big corporations.

native americans

american indians have appeared on many u.s. coins including the buffalo nickel

benjamin franklin learned a lot about democracy by observing the iroquois indian

the term "indian" originated with christopher columbus. he thought that he had reached the east indies when he landed in america and therefore named the inhabitants indians.

camping

camping can relieve stress and depression

your campfire may be a hazard

long-term campsites include permanent and semi-permanent setups and can lead to closer relationships with neighboring campers

buffalo

buffalo are herbivores and feed on about 60 pounds of plant material and grasses a day.

buffalo are considered to be an adult when they reach 3 years old.

buffalo’s tail can be almost three feet long, and they use it to swap at pesky bugs.

from thales, who is often considered the first western philosopher, to the stoics and skeptics, ancient greek philosophy opened the doors to a particular way of thinking that provided the roots for the western intellectual tradition. here, there is often an explicit preference for the life of reason and rational thought. we find proto-scientific explanations of the natural world in the milesian thinkers, and we hear democritus posit atoms—indivisible and invisible units—as the basic stuff of all matter. with socrates comes a sustained inquiry into ethical matters—an orientation towards human living and the best life for human beings. with plato comes one of the most creative and flexible ways of doing philosophy, which some have since attempted to imitate by writing philosophical dialogues covering topics still of interest today in ethics, political thought, metaphysics, and epistemology. plato’s student, aristotle, was one of the most prolific of ancient authors. he wrote treatises on each of these topics, as well as on the investigation of the natural world, including the composition of animals. the hellenists—epicurus, the cynics, the stoics, and the skeptics—developed schools or movements devoted to distinct philosophical lifestyles, each with reason at its foundation.

with this preference for reason came a critique of traditional ways of living, believing, and thinking, which sometimes caused political trouble for the philosophers themselves. xenophanes directly challenged the traditional anthropomorphic depiction of the gods, and socrates was put to death for allegedly inventing new gods and not believing in the gods mandated by the city of athens. after the fall of alexander the great, and because of aristotle’s ties with alexander and his court, aristotle escaped the same fate as socrates by fleeing athens. epicurus, like xenophanes, claimed that the mass of people is impious, since the people conceive of the gods as little more than superhumans, even though human characteristics cannot appropriately be ascribed to the gods. in short, not only did ancient greek philosophy pave the way for the western intellectual tradition, including modern science, but it also shook cultural foundations in its own time.