According to the map, many countries became members of nato from 1990 to 2009.

The correct answer is - Eastern Europe.

In the period between 1990 and 2009, NATO added lots of new members, and all of them were countries from the East Europe. It was a strategic move from NATO in order to reduce and remove the Russian influence in the Eastern European countries, and they managed to succeed in their mission in general.

There were three years when new members got into NATO in this time frame:

- 1999; Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland.

- 2004; Bulgaria, Slovenia, Slovakia, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Romania.

- 2009; Albania, Croatia.

when studying cause and effect, historians usually group the causes into different categories. for example, cultural causes reflect how a society’s literature and art convey the way the society saw itself in relation to the rest of the world. another resource that historians use to understand society is pop culture, which tells them the trends and ideas that are preferred by the common people. when studying cause and effect, it’s important to remember multiple causation, or the idea that an effect could have several causes and vice versa.  

the correct option is “cultural causes” since art and literature are related to the culture of a place. culture is determined by literature, art, music.

the correct option is “pop culture” since it reflects the likes and ideas of common people whereas the rest of the options do not focus on common people.  

the correct option is “multiple causation” since it refers to the idea that events are caused by multiple reasons, not just a single one.